Vol. 28 No. 1 (2025)
Articles

MOTIVATING THE CREATIVE ACTIVITY: THE SEARCH FOR THE NEW AND THE BEST

Published 07/21/2025

Keywords

  • creative motivation,
  • need for achievement,
  • creative product,
  • creative process,
  • creative personality

How to Cite

Stoycheva, K. (2025). MOTIVATING THE CREATIVE ACTIVITY: THE SEARCH FOR THE NEW AND THE BEST. Psychological Research (in the Balkans), 28(1). https://doi.org/10.7546/PsyRB.2025.28.01.01

Abstract

The proposed theoretical analysis examines two motivational characteristics of the personality and their rela- tionship to creative behavior and creative performance. The review of the empirical research indicates that both creative motivation (intrinsically motivated exploration and experimentation with new ideas, problems, and approaches) and need for achievement (striving to achieve high standards of performance in an activity) are related to creative productivity in high school students, university students and adults (Feist, 1999; Da Costa et al., 2015). Although interrelated, the two variables correlate weakly and differ in their relationships with other personality traits (Stoycheva, Stetinski, & Popova, 2008; Stoycheva & Popova, 2019). The paper will offer a summary of the available data and advance an explanation of the results, drawing on the current concepts of creativity (Runco & Pritzker, 2020). First, the paper outlines the specific contributions of these individual characteristics to the production of creative outcomes, i.e. finding new, original and ef- fective solutions. Second, the paper highlights the role of these motivations in the unfolding of the creative process from problem discovery through idea generation to solution selection and implemenation. Finally, some guidelines to support individuals’ creative behavior in education and at work are derived.

References

  1. Amabile, Т. М. (1993). Motivational synergy: Toward new conceptualizations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 3 (3), 185-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(93)90012-S.
  2. Antimova, A. (2012). Personality characteristics of creative professionals in advertising. [Антимова, А. (2012). Личностни характеристики на творче- скитe професии в рекламата (Бакалавърска теза по психология с научен ръководител доц. д-р Катя Стойчева). София: Нов български университет.] (In Bulgarian).
  3. Averill, J. R. & Nunley, E. P. (1992). Voyages of Heart: Living an Emotionally Creative Life. Los Aнgeles, CA: The Free Press.
  4. da Costa, S., Páez, D., Sánchez, F., Garaigordobil, M., Gondim, S. (2015). Personal factors of creativity: A second order meta-analysis. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, Vol 31(3), 165-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2015.06.002. Davies, D., Jindal-Snape, D., Collier, C., Digby, R., Hay,
  5. P. & Howe, A. (2013). Creative learning environments in education – А systematic literature review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 8, 80 – 91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2012.07.004
  6. Dilova, M. (2011). The fear of success. [Дилова, М. (2011). Страхът от успеха. Научен електронен архив на НБУ, София. http://eprints.nbu. bg/863/.] (In Bulgarian).
  7. Feist, G. J. (1999). The influence of personality on artistic and scientific creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 273–296). Cambridge University Press.
  8. Feist, G. J. (2010). The function of personality in creativity: the nature and nurture of the creative personal- ity. In J. C. Kaufman and R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity (pp. 113–130). Cambridge University Press.
  9. Fletcher, T. S. (2011). Creative Thinking in Schools: Finding the “Just Right” Challenge for Students. Gifted Child Today, 34 (2), 37– 42. https://doi.org/10.1177/107621751103400211
  10. Gereva, M. (2022). Creative motivation, flourishing and psychological types in adults engaged in art and culture activities. [Герева, М. (2022). Творческа мотивация, процъфтяване и психологически типове при лица в зряла възраст, занимаващи се с изкуство и култура (Докторска дисертация с научен ръководител: доц. д-р Кирилка Тагарева). Пловдив: ПУ „П. Хилендарски“.] (In Bulgarian).
  11. Hammond, M. M., Neff, N. L., Farr, J. L., Schwall, A. R. & Zhao, X. (2011). Predictors of individual-level innovation at work: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 5(1), 90–105. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018556
  12. Jackson, P. W. & Messick, S. (1965). The person, the product, and the response: Conceptual problems in the as- sessment of creativity. Journal of Personality, 33(3), 309–329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1965. tb01389.x
  13. Karwowski, М. & Kaufman, J. C. (Eds.) (2017). The Creative Self: Effect of Beliefs, Self-Efficacy, Mindset, and Identity. Academic Press.
  14. Markovska, R. (2016). Personality and creative thinking in students of applied arts. [Марковска, Р. (2016). Личност и творческо мислене при ученици по приложни изкуства (Бакалавърска теза по психология с научен ръководител доц. д-р Катя Стойчева). София: Нов български университет.] (In Bulgarian).
  15. Martinsen, Ø. L. (2011). The creative personality: A synthesis and development of the creative person profile. Creativity Research Journal, 23(3), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2011.595656 Paspalanov, Iv., Shtetinski, D. (1988). Construction and validation of a Bulgarian need for achievement scale. [Паспаланов, Ив., Щетински, Д. (1988).
  16. Конструиране и валидизация на българска скала за потребност от постижения. Годишник на СУ „Св. Кл. Охридски“, Книга Психология, том 78, 29-54.] (In Bulgarian).
  17. Roe, A. (1952). The Making of a Scientist. NY: Dodd, Mead & Co.
  18. Runco, М. А. & Jaeger, G. J. (2012). The Standard Definition of Creativity, Creativity Research Journal, 24:1, 92-96. DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2012.650092
  19. Runco, M. A. & Pritzker, S. R. (Eds.) (2020). Encyclopedia of Creativity, 3rd edition. Academic Press.
  20. Sternberg, R. J. & Lubart, T. I. (1995). Defying the crowd: Cultivating creativity in a culture of conformity. NY: The Free Press.
  21. Stoycheva, K. (2003). Tolerance for ambiguity. [Стойчева, К. (2003). Толерантността към неопределеност. Плевен: Леге Артис.] (In Bulgarian).
  22. Stoycheva, K. (2005). Tolerance for ambiguity as a value. [Стойчева, К. (2005). Толерантността към неоп- ределеност като ценност. Годишник на Депар- тамент „Когнитивна наука и психология“, НБУ (стр. 31-38). София: Издателство на НБУ.] (In Bulgarian).
  23. Stoycheva, K. (2025). Tolerance of Ambiguity and the Creative Action: To Engage and Endure. Journal of Creative Behavior, 59(3): e1506. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.1506
  24. Stoycheva, K. & Lubart, T. (2001). The nature of creative decision making. In C. M. Allwood and M. Selart (Eds.) Decision Making: Social and Creative Dimensions (pp. 15-33). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  25. Stoycheva, K. & Popova, K. (2019). Tolerance/Intolerance of Ambiguity: Assessing Its Perceived Importance. Psychological Research in the Balkans, Vol 20 (3), 629-640.
  26. Stoycheva, K., Zhelyazkova-Koinova, Zh. (1992). Self-image and need for achievement in students with creative achievements. [Стойчева, К., Желязко- ва-Койнова, Ж. (1992). Аз-образ и потребност от постижение при ученици с творчески постижения. Българско списание по психология, 2, 3-9.] (In Bulgarian).
  27. Stoycheva, K., Shtetinski, D., Popova, K. (2008). Paul Torrance’s creative motivation scale: Reliability and construct validity of its Bulgarian form. [Стойчева, К., Щетински, Д., Попова, К. (2008). Скала за творческа мотивация на Пол Торанс: Надеждност и конструкт валидност на българската форма. Психологични изследвания, 1, 215-230.] (In Bulgarian).
  28. Stoycheva, K., Shtetinski, D., Popova, K. (2014). Research on the validity of Ivan Paspalanov‘s personal rigidity questionnaire L.R.-1. [Стойчева, К., Щетински, Д., Попова, К. (2014). Изследвания върху валидността на въпросника за личностова ригидност на Иван Паспаланов Л.Р.-1. Българско списание по психология, бр. 4, 27- 46.] (In Bulgarian).
  29. Torrance, E. P. (1990). Creative Motivation Scale: Norms Technical Manual. Athens, GA: Georgia Studies of Creative Behaviour.
  30. Vassileva-Chacheva, S. (2003). Personality prerequisites for creative productivity in scientists. [Василева- Чачева, С. (2003). Личностни предпоставки за творческа продуктивност при учени (Докторска дисертация с научен ръководител: доц. д.н. Ангел Величков). София: Институт по психология при БАН.] (In Bulgarian).
  31. Vulova, M. (1985a). Personality-psychological factors of success and failure in actor’s creativity. [Вълова, М. (1985а). Личностно-психологически фактори за успеха и неуспеха в творчеството на актьора. Театрален бюлетин, кн.5, с.34-58.] (In Bulgarian).
  32. Vulova, M. (1985b). Influence of need for achievement and self-esteem on the causal attributions of success and failure in actors. [Вълова, М. (1985б). Влияние на потребността от постижение и самооценката върху приписването на причини за успеха и неуспеха при актьори. Психология, 6, 11-16.] (In Bulgarian).
  33. Vulova, M. (1990). Modification of some personality pa- rameters in the process of acting training. [Вълова, М. (1990). Изменение на някои личностни параметри в процеса на обучение по актьорско майсторство. Психология, 4, 45-52.] (In Bulgarian).